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    <span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">醒世恒言</span><font face="times new roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">第二卷</span><font face="times new roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">三孝廉让产立高名</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><font face="times new roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">紫荆枝下还家日,花萼楼中合被时。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">同气从来兄与弟,千秋羞咏豆萁诗。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">这首诗,为劝人兄弟和顺而作,用著二个故事,看官听在下一一分剖。第一句说:“紫荆枝下还家日”。昔时有田氏兄弟三人,小同居合爨。长的娶妻叫田大嫂,次的娶妻叫田二嫂。妯娌和睦,并无闲言。惟第三的年小,随著哥嫂过日。后来长大娶妻,叫田三嫂。那田三嫂为人不贤,恃著自己有些妆奁,看见夫家一锅里煮饭,一桌上吃食,不用私钱,不动私秤,便私房要吃些东西,也不方便,日夜在丈夫面前撺掇:“公堂钱库田产,都是伯伯们掌管,一出一入,你全不知道。他是亮里,你是暗里。用一说十,用十说百,哪里晓得!目今虽说同居,到底有个散场。若还家道消乏下来,只苦得你年幼的。依我说,不如早早分析,将财产三分拨开,各人自去营运,不好么?”田三一时被妻言所惑,认为有理,央亲戚对哥哥说,要分析而居。田大、田二初时不肯,被田三夫妇内外连连催逼,只得依允。将所有房产钱谷之类,二分拨开,分毫不多,分毫不多,分毫不少。只有庭前一捆大紫荆树,积祖传下,极其茂盛,既要析居,这树归著哪一个?可惜正在开花之际,也说不得了。田大至公无私,议将此树砍倒,将粗本分为三截,每人各得一截,其余零枝碎叶,论秤分开。商议已妥,只待来日动手。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">次日天明,田大唤了两个兄弟,同去砍树。到得树边看时,枝枯叶萎,全无生气。田大把手一推,其树应手而倒根芽俱露。田大住手,向树大哭。两个兄弟道:“此树值得甚么!兄长何必如此痛惜!”田大道:“吾非哭此树也。思我兄弟三人,产于一姓,同爷合母,比这树枝枝叶叶,连根而生,分开不得。根生本,本生枝,枝生叶,所以荣盛。昨日议将此树分为三截,树不忍活活分离,一夜自家枯死。我兄弟三人若分离了,亦如此树枯死,岂有荣盛之日?吾所以悲哀耳。”田二、三闻哥哥所言,至情感动:“可以人而不如树乎?”遂相抱做一堆,痛哭不已。大家不忍分析,情愿依旧同居合爨。三房妻子听得堂前哭声,出来看时方知其故。大嫂二嫂,各各欢喜,惟三嫂不愿,口出怨言。田三要将妻逐出。两个哥哥再三劝住。三嫂羞惭,还房自缢而死。此乃自作孽不可活。这话搁过不题。再说田大可惜那棵紫荆树,再来看其树无整理,自然端正,枝枝再活,花萎重新,比前更加烂熳。田大唤两个兄弟来看了,各人嗟讶不已。自此田氏累世同居。有诗为证:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">紫荆花下说三田,人合人离花亦然。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">同气连枝原不解,家中莫听妇人言。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">第二句说“花萼楼中合被时”。那花萼楼在陕西长安城中,大唐玄宗皇帝所建。玄宗皇帝就是唐明皇。他原是唐家宗室,因为韦氏乱政,武三囚专权,明皇起兵诛之,遂即帝位。有五个兄弟,皆封王爵,时号“五王”。明皇友爱甚笃,起一座大楼,取</span><span lang="en-us"><font face="times new roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">之义,名日花萼。时时召五王登楼欢宴。又制成大幔,名为“五王帐”。帐中长枕大被,明皇和五王时常同寝其中。有诗为证:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">羯鼓频敲玉笛催,朱楼宴罢夕阳微。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">宫人秉烛通宵坐,不信君王夜不归。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span>

    span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">第四句说“千秋羞咏豆萁诗”。后汉魏王曹操长子曹丕,篡汉称帝。有弟曹植,字子建,聪明绝世。操生时最所宠爱,几遍欲立为嗣而不果。曹丕衔其旧恨,欲寻事而杀之。一日,召子建问曰:“先帝每夸汝诗才敏捷,朕未曾面试。今限汝七步之内,成诗一首。如若不成,当坐汝欺诳之罪。”子建未及七步,其诗已成,中寓规讽之意。诗曰:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">煮豆燃豆萁,豆在釜中泣。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">本是同根生,相煎何太急。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">曹丕见诗感泣,遂释前恨。后人有诗为证:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">从来宠贵起猜疑,七步诗成亦可危。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">堪叹釜萁仇未已,六朝骨肉尽诛夷。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">说话的,为何今日讲这两三个故事?只为自家要说那三孝廉让产立高名。这段话文不比曹丕忌刻,也没子建风流,胜如紫荆花下三田,花萼楼中诸李,随你不和顺的弟兄,听著在下讲这节故事,都要学好起来。正是:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">要知天下事,须读古人书。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">这故事出在东汉光武年间。那时天下安,万民乐业。朝有梧凤之鸣,野无谷驹之叹。原来汉朝取士之法,不比今时。他不以科目取士,惟凭州郡选举。虽则有博学宏词、贤良方正等科,惟以孝廉为重。孝者,孝弟;廉者,廉洁。孝则忠君,廉则爱民。但是举了孝廉,便得出身做官。若依了今日事势,州县考个童生,还有几十封荐书,若是举孝廉时,不知多少分上钻刺,依旧是富贵子弟钻去了。孤寒的便有曾参之孝,伯夷之廉,休想扬名显姓。只是汉时法度甚妙,但是举过芋人孝廉,其人若困然有才有德,不拘资格,骤熬升擢,连举主俱纪录受赏;若所举不得其人,后日或贪财坏法,轻则罪黜,重则抄没,连举主一同受罪。那荐人的与所荐之人,休戚相关,不敢胡乱。所以公道大明,朝班清肃。不在话下。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">且说会稽郡阳羡县,有一人姓许名武,字长文,十五岁上,父母双亡。虽然遗下些田产童仆,奈门户单微,无人帮助。更兼有两个兄弟,一名许晏,年方九岁,一名许普,年方七岁,都则幼小无知,终日赶著哥哥啼哭。那许武日则躬率童仆,耕田种圃,夜则挑灯读书。但是耕种时,二弟虽未胜锄,必使从旁观看。但是读时,把两个小兄弟坐于案旁,将句读亲口传授,细细讲解,教以礼让之节,成人之道。稍不率教,辄跪于家庙之前,痛自督责,说自己德行不足,不能化诲,愿父母有灵,吞牖二弟,涕泣不已。直待兄弟号泣请罪,方才起身,并不以疾言倨色相加也。室中只用铺陈一副,兄弟三人同睡。如此数年,二弟俱已长成,家事亦渐丰盛。有人劝许武娶妻,许武答道:“若娶妻,便当与二弟别居。笃夫妇之爱,而忘手足之情,吾不忍也。”繇是昼则同耕,夜则同读,食必同器,宿必同床。乡里传出个大名,都称为“孝弟许武”,又传出几句口号,道是:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">阳羡许季长,耕读昼夜忙。教诲二弟俱成行,不是长兄是父娘。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">时州牧郡守俱闻其名,交章荐举,朝廷徵为议郎,下诏会稽郡。太守奉旨,檄下县令,刻日劝驾。许武迫于君命,料难推阻,吩咐两个兄弟:“在家躬耕力学,一口我在家之时,不可懈废业,有负先人遗训。”又嘱咐奴仆:“俱要小心安分,听两个家主役使,早起夜眠,共扶家业。”嘱咐已毕,收拾行装,不用官府车辆,自己雇了脚力登车,只带一个童儿,望长安进发。不一日,到京朝见受职。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">忽一日,思想二弟在家,力学多年,不见州郡荐举,诚恐怠荒失业,意欲还家省视。遂上疏,其略云:</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">臣以菲才,遭逢圣代,致位通显,未谋报称,敢图暇逸?但古人云:“人生百行,孝弟为先。”“不孝有三,无后为大。”先父母早背,域兆未修;臣弟二人,学业未立;臣三十未娶。五天子览奏,准给假暂归,命乘传衣锦还乡,复赐黄金二十斤为婚礼之费。许武谢恩辞朝,百官俱于郊外送行。正是:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">报道锦衣归故里,争夸白屋出公卿。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">许武既归,省视先茔已毕,便乃纳还官诰,只推有病,不愿为官。过了些时,从容召二弟至前,询其学业之进退。许晏、许普应答如流,理明词畅。许武心中大喜。再稽查田宅之数,比前恢廓数倍,皆二弟勤俭之所积也。武于是遍访里中良家... -->>

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